1 Evolution

Evolution, cosmic evolution, chemical and biological evolution, evolutionary biology biologie. Molecular evolution, evolution of function, evolution of organisms, evolution of communitites and ecosystems.

2 Evolutionary hypothesis

Before Darwin: Carl von Linné, Georg Louis Leclerc de Buffon, Jean Baptiste Lamarck, Georges, Charles Darwin and his time, Thomas Henry, Ernst Haeckel. After Darwin: neolamackism, new evolutionary synthesis, evolutionary biology since the synthesis.

3 Microevolution mechanisms

Origin of genetic variation, recombination, mutations, genetic drift, genetic draft, founder effect, bottleneck effect, natural selection, hard and soft selections, basic conception of natural selection, selection types, genetic polymorphism, sexual selection, kin selection.

4 Microevolution

Coevolution, prey and victim interaction, Red-Queen hypothesis, mafia effect, aposematism and mimetism, geographic variability, subspecies, variates.

5 Species

Species, cryptic species, typological, biological and phylogenetic species concept, uniparietal species, consequences of speciation.

6 Speciation

Isolation barriers, geographic isolation, biological reproductive barriers, sexual isolation, ethological isolation, mechanic reproductive barriers, gametic isolation, zygotic mortality, embryonal and larval mortality, hybrid sterility. Geographic speciation, allopatric speciation, dichopatric (vicariant) speciation, peripatric speciation, extinct speciation, parapatric speciation, sympatric speciation, stazipatric speciation.

7 Macroevolution

Evolutionary trends, ortogenesis, finalism, preadaptation, saltation, ontogenetic mechanism.

8 Phylogeny

Phylogeny, neontology, palaeontology, phylogenetic models, phylogenetic processes, anagenesis, cladogenesis, stazis, structure of clade, monophyly, monophyletic taxon, polyphyletic taxon, homology, homoplasy, parallelism, convergence, phylogenetic „laws“.

9 Rate of evolution

Punctuated equilibrium, gradualism a punctualism, genetic rate of evolution, morphological rate of evolution, phylogenetic rate of evolution, species duration.

10 Evolution of higher taxa

Extinctions, speciation and extinction rates, gradual and mass extinctions, „Big Five“, causes of extinctions, terrestric and extraterrestric causes, biotic and abiotic evidences, bolide impact to biosphere.